IELTS 말하기 파트 2 & 3: Describe a person who solved a problem in a smart way

I think both. Some children seem to be born with a natural curiosity or good memory, which helps them learn quickly. But most smart behaviour comes from learning and practice — teachers, parents and the environment matter a lot. So it's a mix of nature and nurture.

I’d say it’s a mixture. Certain temperaments or cognitive strengths — like quick recall or good concentration — can be innate, but intelligence is shaped hugely by experience. A child given stimulating activities, encouragement and good schooling will usually develop skills that look like ‘being smart’. Research also shows early childhood environment and nutrition make a real difference, so nurture often amplifies any inborn talent.

Children get smart at school by listening to teachers, doing homework and practising skills. Group work and tests also help them learn. Repetition and a good routine make a difference.

Schools develop children’s abilities through a combination of structured teaching and opportunities for active learning. Good teachers explain concepts clearly, set purposeful tasks, give feedback and encourage curiosity through projects and discussions. Peer work, practical experiments and formative feedback help children apply knowledge rather than just memorise facts, and that builds lasting understanding.

Some people are well-rounded because they try lots of things and have wide interests, while others focus on one talent and get very good at it. Opportunities, personal taste and time play a big role.

Being well-rounded often comes from broad exposure and encouragement to try diverse activities, whereas specialists usually focus intensely on one area. There are trade-offs: deep practice gives expertise, while variety builds adaptable skills. Cultural values, family support and economic incentives also influence whether someone becomes a generalist or a specialist.

Modern society needs different talents because life is complicated. We need doctors, engineers, artists and cleaners — everyone helps the system work. If only one kind of person existed, many tasks wouldn't get done.

A modern society is highly interdependent, so it needs a wide range of talents to function and innovate. Scientists and engineers drive technological progress, teachers and carers maintain social wellbeing, while artists and designers contribute creativity and cultural identity. A diversity of skills also makes the economy more resilient and allows teams to solve complex problems that no single specialist could manage alone.